Linux 下meminfo 介紹
cat /proc/meminforoot: total: used: free: shared: buffers: cached:
Mem: 1055760384 1041887232 13873152 0 100417536 711233536
Swap: 1077501952 8540160 1068961792
MemTotal: 1031016 kB
MemFree: 13548 kB
MemShared: 0 kB
Buffers: 98064 kB
Cached: 692320 kB
SwapCached: 2244 kB
Active: 563112 kB
Inact_dirty: 309584 kB
Inact_clean: 79508 kB
Inact_target: 190440 kB
HighTotal: 130992 kB
HighFree: 1876 kB
LowTotal: 900024 kB
LowFree: 11672 kB
SwapTotal: 1052248 kB
SwapFree: 1043908 kB
Committed_AS: 332340 kB
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High-Level Statistics
- MemTotal: Total usable ram (i.e. physical ram minus a few reserved bits and the kernel binary code)
- MemFree: Is sum of LowFree+HighFree (overall stat)
- MemShared: 0; is here for compat reasons but always zero.
- Buffers: Memory in buffer cache, mostly useless as metric nowadays
- Cached: Memory in the pagecache (diskcache) minus SwapCache
- SwapCache: Memory that once was swapped out, is swapped back in, but is still in the swapfile. (If memory is needed it does not need to be swapped out AGAIN because it is already in the swapfile. This saves I/O.)
When you use memory, the CPU sets a bit in the pagetable and the VM checks that bit occasionally. Based on that, it can move pages back to active. Within active, there is an order of "longest ago not used" (roughly - it is a little more complex in reality). The longest-ago used ones can get moved to inactive. Inactive is split into two in the above kernel (2.4.18-24.8.0). Some have it three.
- Active: Memory that has been used more recently and usually not reclaimed unless absolutely necessary.
- Inact_dirty: Dirty means "might need writing to disk or swap." Takes more work to free. Examples might be files that have not been written to yet. They are not written to memory too soon in order to keep the I/O down. For instance, if you are writing logs, it might be better to wait until you have a complete log ready before sending it to disk.
- Inact_clean: Assumed to be easily freeable. The kernel will try to keep some clean stuff around always to have a bit of breathing room.
- Inact_target: Just a goal metric the kernel uses for making sure there are enough inactive pages around. When exceeded, the kernel will not do work to move pages from active to inactive. A page can also get inactive in a few other ways, e.g. if you do a long sequential I/O, the kernel assumes you are not going to use that memory and makes it inactive preventively. So you can get more inactive pages than the target because the kernel marks some cache as "more likely to be never used" and lets it cheat in the "last used" order.
- HighTotal: is the total amount of memory in the high region. Highmem is all memory above (approx) 860MB of physical RAM. Kernel uses indirect tricks to access the high memory region. Data cache can go in this memory region.
- LowTotal: The total amount of non-highmem memory.
- LowFree: The amount of free memory of the low memory region. This is the memory the kernel can address directly. All kernel datastructures need to go into low memory.
- SwapTotal: Total amount of physical swap memory.
- SwapFree: Total amount of swap memory free.
- Committed_AS: An estimate of how much RAM you would need to make a 99.99% guarantee that there never is OOM (Out Of Memory) for this workload. Normally the kernel will overcommit memory. That means, say you do a 1GB malloc, nothing happens, really. Only when you start USING that malloc memory you will get real memory on demand and just as much as you use. So you sort of take a mortgage and hope the bank does not go bust. Other cases might include when you mmap a file that is shared only when you write to it and you get a private copy of that data. While it normally is shared between processes. The Committed_AS is a guesstimate of how much RAM/swap you would need worst-case.
# free
不知現在的人裝 Linux 時 swap 會設多少? 通常我都設在 2GB, 其實都用不著那麼多, 但是想在run LAMP, 2GB 也差不多吧 swap size = physical memory * 2 謝謝版大的分享！
讓我的電腦知識又多增長了一點！好東西就是要和大家一起分享！
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